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To cut through some of the confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to divide it into two components. On the one hand, you have bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code which represents ownership of a digital concept type of like a virtual IOU. On the other hand, you've got bitcoin-the-protocol, a distributed network that maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The machine enables payments to be sent between users without passing through a central authority, such as a bank or payment gateway. It is made and held electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, like dollars or euros theyre produced by computers all around the planet, using free software.
It was the very first example of what we call cryptocurrencies, a growing asset class that shares some characteristics of traditional currencies, together with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software programmer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto proposed bitcoin in 2008, as an electronic payment method based on mathematical proof. The idea was to generate a means of exchange, independent of any central authority, that may be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable manner.
Bitcoins most important characteristic is it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It is maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run through an open network of committed servers spread around the globe. This attracts individuals and groups who are uncomfortable with the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin simplifies the double spending problem of electronic currencies (in which electronic assets can readily be replicated and re-used) via an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. Together with bitcoin, the integrity of these transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can attempt to manipulate a currencys worth relative to other people. Holders of the currency (and notably citizens with very little alternative) keep the price.
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Together with bitcoin, on the other hand, the supply is tightly controlled by the underlying algorithm. A small number of new bitcoins trickle every hourand will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a max of 21 million has been reached. This makes bitcoin more appealing as an advantage in theory, if demand grows and the distribution remains the same, the value will increase. .
While senders of traditional electronic payments are usually identified (for verification purposes, and to abide by anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in concept operate in semi-anonymity. Since there's absolutely no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is submitted, the protocol assesses all prior transactions to confirm that the sender gets the necessary bitcoin as well as the authority to send them.
In practice, each user is identified by the address of his or her wallet. Transactions can, with some effort, be tracked this way. Additionally, law enforcement has developed methods to identify consumers if necessary.
Furthermore, most exchanges are required by law to perform identity checks on their clients before they're permitted to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another manner that bitcoin usage can be tracked. Since the network is transparent, the advancement of a specific transaction is visible to all.
This is because there's absolutely no central adjudicator that can say okay, return the money. If a transaction is recorded i was reading this on the network, and if more than an hour has passed, then it's not possible to change.
Even though this might disquiet a few, it does mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is called a satoshi. It is one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) at todays prices, about one hundredth of a cent. This may conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is an electronic currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It had been invented in 2008 by an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.